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Gostan, Constant, or Kostan Zarian ((アルメニア語:Կոստան Զարեան), February 2, 1885 – December 11, 1969) was an Armenian writer who produced short lyric poems, long narrative poems of an epic cast, manifestos, essays, travel impressions, criticism, and fiction. The genre in which he excelled, however, was the diary form with long autobiographical divagations, reminiscences and impressions of people and places, interspersed with literary, philosophical and historical meditations and polemics. == Early years == Zarian was born in Shamakhi, on February 2, 1885. His father, Christopher Yeghiazarov, was a prosperous general in the Russian Army, "a strong man, profoundly Christian and Armenian," who spent most of his life fighting in the mountains of the Caucasus. He died when Zarian was four years old, which then prompted the family to move to Baku. He then was separated from his mother and placed with a Russian family, who enrolled him in a Russian Gymnasium. After attending the Russian Gymnasium of Baku, in 1895, when he was ten, he was sent to the College of Saint Germain in Asnières, near Paris. He continued his studies in Belgium, and, after obtaining a doctorate in literature and philosophy from the Free University (Universite Livre) of Brussels, he spent about a year writing and publishing verse in both French and Russian, delivering lectures on Russian literature and drama, and living a more or less bohemian life among writers and artists. Zarian became involved in the Russian Social Democratic Party, where he became personally acquainted with Vladimir Lenin. After 1909, he was a political exile in Europe, as the tsarist government had reportedly banned his return to the Caucasus because of his revolutionary activities, for which he spent a year and a half in a German jail (1907–08). He published a few poems in Russian in the revolutionary magazine ''Raduga'' and contributed to Belgian publications with prose, poems and critical essays in French. Speaking of this period in his life, Zarian wrote: "We used to have cheap food with Lenin in a small restaurant in Geneva, and today, a syphilitic boozer with his feet on a chair and hand on revolver is telling me: 'You counter-revolutionary fanatic nationalist Armenian intellectuals are in no position to understand Lenin.'" In addition to Lenin, Zarian also met and befriended such poets, artists, and political thinkers as Guillaume Apollinaire, Pablo Picasso, Georgi Plekhanov, Giuseppe Ungaretti, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Paul Éluard, Fernand Léger, and the renowned Belgian poet and literary critic Emile Verhaeren. It was Verhaeren who advised him to study his own mother tongue and write in the language of his ancestors if he wanted to reveal his true self. Heeding his advice, Zarian studied Classical Armenian and Modern Armenian with the Mekhitarists on the island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni in Venice (1910–1912), where he also published ''Three Songs'' (1915), a book of poems in Italian (originally written in Armenian), one of which, titled ''La Primavera'' (Spring), was set to music by Ottorino Respighi and first performed in 1923. Zarian then moved to Istanbul, which was then the most important cultural center of the Armenian diaspora, though he often travelled between Venice and Istanbul; and during such a trip, when leaving Istanbul on the ship S.S. Montenegro in 1912, he met his future wife Takuhi (Rachel) Shahnazarian, marrying her on December 4, 1912 in Venice, then returning to Istanbul with her in two months. In 1914, together with Daniel Varoujan, Hagop Oshagan, Kegham Parseghian, and Aharon Dadourian, he founded the literary periodical ''Mehian,'' which means pagan temple in Armenian. This constellation of young firebrands became known as the ''Mehian'' writers, and like their contemporaries in Europe—the French surrealists, Italian futurists, and German expressionists—they defied the establishment fighting against ossified traditions and preparing the way for the new. "In distant cities people argued and fought around our ideas," wrote Zarian. "Ignorant school principals had banned our periodical. Well-known scholars looked upon us with suspicion. They hated us but did not dare to say anything openly. We were close to victory...." The tone of the ''Mehian'' publications was politically, aesthetically and religiously radical, with a strong influence from German philology—with Zarian specifically advocating an anti-Semitic idea that was present in many of his later works of fiction: that Armenians were an Aryan people who needed to overcome the Semite within themselves. A year later, the Young Turk government decided to exterminate the entire Armenian population of Turkey. The genocide that followed claimed 1.5 million victims, among them 200 of the ablest Armenian poets and authors, including a lot of the ''Mehian'' writers. Zarian was able to escape to Bulgaria before the closing of the borders in November 1914, and then to Italy, establishing himself in Rome and later in Florence. In 1919, as a special correspondent to an Italian newspaper, he was sent to the Middle East and Armenia. He returned to Istanbul in late 1921 and there, together with Vahan Tekeyan, Hagop Oshagan, and a number of other survivors of the genocide, he founded another literary periodical, ''Partsravank'' (Monastery-on-a-Hill), in 1922. He also published a second book of poems, ''The Crown of Days'' (Istanbul, 1922). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gostan Zarian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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